Francesco Bandarin

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Afghanistananalysis

Afghanistan: the historical sites of key concern after the Taliban's return

From the Bamiyan Valley to an ancient spiritual centre of Zoroastrianism and Buddhism, former Unesco senior official Francesco Bandarin looks at the embattled country’s most important landmarks

Venice comment

Now is the time for Unesco to call Venice's authorities to order

For decades, short-termism and conflicting interests have prevented a sustainable plan for Venice from being developed or enacted

Anniversary of Notre-Dame fire: it's safe, but big decisions need to be taken as Covid-19 halts restoration

Rebuilding the roof will be among the main challenges, and the reconstruction of the spire will be among the most controversial

Heritageanalysis

If the US destroys Iranian cultural sites, President Trump will be criminally liable by international law

The US is signatory to The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which forbids any act of hostility to cultural property

Notre Dame enters a new and high-risk phase in its restoration

A huge forest of scaffolding, fused by the fire in April, has to be cut away

Venice comment

Venice is in peril: Unesco should come to the aid of Venice as it did after the great flood of 1966

Its official international role, to which Italy signed up, enables it to mobilise world expertise and funds

Inside Notre Dame: a blow-by-blow account of the restoration process

Five months on we look at the steps and measurements implemented by experts to start rebuilding the fire-ravaged cathedral

New law regarding Notre Dame says restoration must preserve its 'historic, artistic and architectural interest'

But attempts in the senate to ensure it will look as before the fire were dropped from the final version

Unescocomment

A former Unesco chief denounces its failure to protect Venice at Baku meeting

“Where have the ethics and sense of a global mandate to protect the world’s heritage gone?”, asks Francesco Bandarin

Architectureanalysis

Notre Dame is unstable: a strong wind could make the walls collapse, independent report says

The current approach to its restoration fails to take account of the interconnected structural “engineering” of Gothic architecture

Notre Dame should be rebuilt as it was

The cathedral’s 19th-century additions are as much part of its history as its Gothic vaults, says a former director of Unesco’s World Heritage Centre